'TO BE OR NOT TO BE' the popular quote comes from this very popular tragic play by William Shakespeare. It is considered by critics, and scholars alike to be one of the most popular plays of Shakespeare. It is also one of the longest plays by Shakespeare Hamlet is a tragic play about a son who feigns to lose his mind while trying to avenge the murder of his father, and in the bargain loses his own life. The earliest recorded performance of Hamlet was in June 1602, with the title role enacted by Richard Burbage, since then the play has been enacted innumerable times all over the world.
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The king of Denmark, Hamlet dies just two months before the start of the play. After the death of the king, his brother Claudius, takes over the reign of the country as well as marries his brother's widow, the Queen of Denmark, Gertrude. The young prince, and the right full heir to the thrown Prince Hamlet thinks that his uncle has killed his father in order to be the king. Meanwhile the king's ghost starts appearing in the castle, Hamlet comes to know about it and he himself sees his fathers ghost. The ghost confirms Hamlets doubt, and tells him that indeed his uncle had killed the king by pouring poison in his ear. Hamlet gets engulfed by rage and plans to take revenge.
In order to be successful in his endeavor Hamlet feigns madness. The new King Claudius, his wife Gertrude, and his advisor Polonius sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to keep an eye on Hamlet, and to find out why he is acting the way he is. Claudius, senses that Hamlet might try to kill him to seek revenge, so he sends Hamlet to England. But however, before leaving Hamlet with the help of an acting company reenacts King Hamlet's death before Claudius. He hopes that after seeing the play Claudius would break down, and confess to murdering King Hamlet. But to his disappointment, nothing of that sort happens, though Claudius seems to be shaken. While talking to his mother, Hamlet by mistake kills Polonius and is filled with remorse. Claudius sends Hamlet to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to die as he had ordered the English to kill Hamlet as soon as he reaches there.
Meanwhile Laertes returns from France, and discovers about his father Polonius' death. His sister Ophelia goes mad and drowns herself after her father's death. Laertes goes mad with rage and plans to take revenge for the double murder. Hamlet finds out about the plan to murder him and instead gets Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed. Unfortunately Hamlet gets kidnapped by pirates one day later. He is returned to Claudius. The king in his last ditch effort to do away with Hamlet arranges a sword duel between Laertes and Hamlet. The king has devised a full proof plan, the tip of Laertes' sword is poisoned, and also in case anything goes wrong as a backup precaution, Claudius poisons the victory cup. The poisoned drink is given to Hamlet, he refuses to drink and instead his mother Gertrude, drinks it. The Queen dies, Laertes, admits of Claudius' treachery and the wounded Hamlet stabs Claudius. Hamlet stops his friend Horatio from committing suicide, and tells him to tell the story of King Hamlet's death and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's deaths to everybody. At last, after being victorious over England, Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, arrives. As per Hamlet's dying wish Fortinbras become the new King of Denmark.