The transition to the new name was completed in August 2005 concurrent with the merger of all the associated satellite campuses into a single, unified system and administration. The Troy Trojans are the sports teams of Troy University, and they began playing in the NCAA's Division I-A in 2001, became a football only member of the Sun Belt Conference in 2004, and joined that conference for all other sports in 2005.

Their official uniform colors are cardinal and silver, the mascot is Trojan, and their athletics director is Steve Dennis. The Trojans appreared in the 2003 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament as a 14 seed after winning the Atlantic Sun Conference tournament and faced 3-seeded Xavier in the first round but lost with 71-59. The Trojan basketball team is recognized in recent Division I Basketball history for leading the nation in 3-pointers from 2004-2006, making 1068 3-pointers over the course of 89 games during those three seasons, but their most famous claim to fame is their game against DeVry Institute of Atlanta on January 12, 1992 when the Trojans came out victorious by the NCAA-record score of 258-141. This game is the current highest scoring game in NCAA basketball history.